Our aging pets have brought us years of joy, companionship, and unconditional love, but now, like people, they are likely facing age-related health issues, including cognitive dysfunction. Pet owners are becoming more aware of this condition, commonly called doggy dementia. Recognizing and managing your senior pet’s cognitive dysfunction can improve their quality of life and help maintain your special bond. 

Cognitive dysfunction in pets

Cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS) is a neurodegenerative disorder seen in aging dogs and cats. CDS is similar to Alzheimer’s disease in people and is characterized by a decline in cognitive functions, such as memory, learning, and awareness. CDS affects your pet’s ability to navigate their environment, recognize familiar faces, and behave normally.

Cognitive dysfunction signs in pets

Identifying cognitive dysfunction in pets can be challenging, as the signs often overlap with other age-related conditions. However, some common signs include:

  • Disorientation — Pets may get lost in familiar environments or seem confused about where they are. They may also forget their name or previously learned commands.
  • Interaction changes — Your pet may become less social, avoid interaction, or show increased anxiety or fear around others.
  • Sleep-wake cycle disturbances — Pets with CDS often have altered sleep patterns, such as staying awake at night and sleeping during the day.
  • House soiling — Previously house-trained pets may have accidents indoors or outside the litter box.
  • Decreased activity levels — Pets may noticeably lose interest in activity or play.
  • Repetitive behaviors — Pets may repeat actions, such as pacing or staring at walls.

Cognitive dysfunction causes in pets

The exact cause of cognitive dysfunction in pets is not fully understood, but factors believed to contribute include:

  • Brain aging — As pets age, their brain changes in structure and functionality, including the accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques, similar to those seen in Alzheimer’s patients.
  • Genetics — Certain breeds may be more predisposed to CDS development.
  • Oxidative stress — Gradual damage by free radicals can impact brain function.
  • Reduced blood flow — Aging can affect your pet’s brain function because blood flow to the brain decreases.

Cognitive dysfunction diagnosis in pets

If you suspect your pet may be suffering from cognitive dysfunction, consult with our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital veterinarian. We will conduct a thorough examination to rule out other medical conditions in aging pets that cause similar signs. We may perform blood work, urinalysis, and imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans, and based on the results, we can confirm a CDS diagnosis and recommend an appropriate treatment plan.

Cognitive dysfunction management in pets

While cognitive dysfunction has no cure, you can manage the signs and improve your pet’s quality of life with these strategies:

  • Environmental enrichment — Engage your pet’s mind with toys, puzzles, and interactive games. Regular walks and playtime can also stimulate their senses and maintain physical health.
  • Diet and nutrition — Certain diets are formulated to support senior pets’ brain health. These diets are rich in antioxidants, omega-3 fatty acids, and other nutrients that promote cognitive function. 
  • Medications and supplements — Several medications and supplements can help manage CDS. The drug selegiline is commonly prescribed to improve cognitive function in dogs. Nutritional supplements like SAMe (S-adenosylmethionine) and phosphatidylserine may also be beneficial.
  • Consistency — A consistent daily routine can reduce anxiety and confusion in pets with CDS. Regular feeding times, walks, and play sessions can provide a sense of stability.
  • Behavioral therapy — Behavioral modifications can help manage specific signs. For example, if your pet’s sleep is disturbed, creating a quiet and comfortable sleeping area in a different location can be beneficial.
  • Veterinary care — Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor your pet’s condition and adjust their management plan, as needed. Our veterinarian will also keep you informed about new treatments and advancements in managing cognitive dysfunction.

Senior pets with cognitive dysfunction can be challenging, but the proper care and management can help them enjoy their golden years with comfort and dignity. If you suspect your pet’s cognitive function is declining, schedule an appointment with our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team.