Dogs vomit for various reasons, and typically, vomiting occurs after a dog eats something they shouldn’t have or a food ingredient to which they are sensitive. While occasional vomiting is not cause for alarm, frequent or severe episodes could indicate an urgent medical issue. Our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team describes common vomiting causes in dogs and explains when you should seek veterinary care for your four-legged friend.

Why do dogs vomit?

Just like people, dogs can have upset tummies now and then. Vomiting can be related to several health conditions, some of which are more serious than others. Common gastrointestinal (GI) upset triggers and vomiting include:

  • Ingestion of inappropriate items — Dogs are notorious for eating things they shouldn’t such as garbage, spoiled food, feces, or inedible objects (e.g., toys, socks). Because of these indiscretions, a dog may vomit. However, ingesting foreign objects may lead to an internal obstruction that requires immediate veterinary attention. 
  • Rapid eating — Many dogs eat their food too quickly, which can lead to regurgitation or vomiting. If this is true for your dog, our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team recommends you give your four-legged friend food-dispensing puzzles or bowls designed to slow down their eating. 
  • Dietary changes — A sudden diet change or introduction of a new food can upset dogs’ stomachs.
  • Food allergies or intolerances — Some dogs develop allergies or intolerances to certain ingredients in their food, such as grains, proteins, or additives.
  • Infections — Bacterial, viral, or parasitic infections (e.g., parvovirus and Giardia) can cause vomiting. If you suspect your dog has contracted an illness, consult our veterinary team. Certain viral or infectious diseases can be life-threatening. 
  • Systemic infections — Infections affecting a dog’s liver or kidneys can lead to vomiting, among other signs. 
  • Toxins — Ingesting toxic substances, such as chocolate, certain plants, chemicals, or medications, can result in vomiting as the body tries to expel the poison. Poison ingestion is a veterinary emergency and requires prompt intervention. 
  • GI disorders — Certain GI issues, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), can cause vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. Another more serious condition, gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), also known as bloat, is life-threatening, causing the stomach to twist. Bloat signs include a hard, distended abdomen, retching, drooling, and restlessness. 
  • Metabolic disorders — Conditions, such as kidney and liver diseases, and uncontrolled diabetes, can disrupt normal body functions, causing nausea and vomiting. 
  • Motion sickness — Some dogs experience motion sickness during car rides or other travel modes, which can induce nausea and vomiting. 

When vomiting requires veterinary attention

If your furry pal occasionally vomits, you have little cause for concern. However, your dog needs immediate veterinary attention if they exhibit any of the following signs:

  • Frequent vomiting
  • Blood in vomit
  • Lethargy and weakness
  • Persistent diarrhea
  • Dehydration
  • Abdominal pain
  • Distended abdomen
  • Changes in appetite and thirst
  • Behavioral changes

What to do if your dog vomits

If your dog is otherwise healthy, behaving normally, and the vomiting has subsided, they do not need immediate veterinary care. To prevent your four-legged friend’s vomiting from recurring, follow these tips:

  • Withhold food temporarily — If your dog vomits once or twice, you should withhold food—but not water—for 12 to 24 hours to give their stomach a chance to settle.
  • Offer a bland diet — After your pet has fasted, introduce a bland diet such as boiled, unseasoned chicken and rice in small portions.
  • Hydration — Ensure your dog stays hydrated by enticing them to drink, such as offering ice chips, small amounts of water, or unsalted chicken or beef broth.
  • Monitor closely — Watch your dog for any worsening symptoms or additional distress signs. If you are in doubt about your dog’s well-being, contact our team for instruction. 

Vomiting’s causes range from being a minor issue to a severe health problem. When you understand the potential causes and know when to seek veterinary care, you help ensure your dog receives the appropriate treatment. If you are ever concerned about your dog’s health, contact our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team to rule out any serious conditions and provide you with peace of mind about your four-legged friend’s well-being.