The “Big C”—cancer—takes many people’s and pets’ lives each year. Research shows cancer occurs in at least half of older dogs, and the disease also impacts cats. If your pet is diagnosed with cancer, you may feel overwhelmed. However, you should understand that treatment advancements now provide more effective options than ever before. Our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team explains how to identify cancer signs to facilitate your pet’s early treatment. Learn about cancer diagnosis and treatment in pets.

What is cancer and how does the disease affect pets?

Cancer—also called neoplasia—occurs when body cells grow and multiply abnormally, creating a tumor. Not all tumors are fatal (i.e., malignant), but some benign tumors can grow rapidly or destroy nearby tissues. Malignant tumors have the potential to spread—metastasize—to other body areas, which often leads to a declining quality of life or even death. Cancer can affect any tissue or body part, but some cancer types are more prevalent in pets than others, including lymphoma, mammary tumors, melanoma, osteosarcoma, and hemangiosarcoma.

Cancer signs in pets

Cancer causes various signs, depending on the type, location, and stage. Some tumors are visible on your pet’s body, while others occur internally. Cancer signs can develop because of direct tissue damage from tumors or when tumors secrete toxins or chemicals that alter body functions. Always seek veterinary care if you notice a problem or change in your pet’s health, as many common cancer signs overlap with other diseases and illnesses. Signs to watch for include:

  • Lumps or bumps that grow or quickly change
  • Lameness or firm, tender areas on the limbs
  • Bleeding or bruising
  • Pale gums
  • Unexplained weight loss or decreased appetite
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Increased thirst or urination
  • Vomiting or diarrhea
  • Lethargy
  • Swollen lymph nodes

Diagnosing cancer in pets

Early detection and intervention can improve a pet’s cancer prognosis and expand their treatment options. A cancer diagnosis can be simple or complex, depending on the tumor’s location. Tests to diagnose cancer often include:

  • Physical exam 
  • Medical history review
  • Bloodwork
  • Imaging
  • Biopsy

Once cancer is suspected or confirmed, the next step is determining if the cancer has spread. This process—staging—typically requires chest X-rays and abdominal ultrasound to look for cancers inside these body cavities. 

Cancer treatment options for pets

Many pet owners find out their pet has cancer and immediately decide that they don’t want to put their pet through difficult cancer treatments. However, pet cancer treatment goals typically differ from those in people. Pets live shorter lives, so the goal isn’t necessarily cancer cure—but remission and pain relief. This allows pets to maintain a high quality of life for a few months or years after their diagnosis

Treatment options may include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or palliative care, including natural and alternative therapies, to manage signs and improve an affected pet’s quality of life. Because many treatments exist for cancer, your pet’s options are vast. We recommend pet owners consult with a veterinary oncologist to determine treatment options and decide which is best for their pet.

Cancer prognosis in pets

A pet’s cancer prognosis can vary depending on the cancer’s type and stage, and the treatment path you choose for your furry pal. Some cancers can be cured or managed long-term, but many others carry a guarded prognosis. Learning about your pet’s cancer type and discussing expectations with our veterinary team can help you make informed decisions about your four-legged friend’s care.

Early disease sign recognition and intervention are the keys to successfully managing your pet’s cancer signs. Although not all cancers can be cured, various treatment options can extend your pet’s remaining time and ensure a high quality of life. Our Southern Crossing Animal Hospital team recommends pet owners remain vigilant about their furry pal’s health changes. Contact us to schedule your pet’s visit if they begin exhibiting cancer signs.